Advances in human intracranial electroencephalography research, guidelines and good practices

Abstract:

Since the second half of the twentieth century, intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), including both electrocorticography (ECoG) and stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG), has provided an intimate view into the human brain. At the interface between fundamental research and the clinic, iEEG provides both high temporal resolution and high spatial specificity but comes with constraints, such as the individual's tailored sparsity of electrode sampling. Over the years, researchers in neuroscience developed their practices to make the most of the iEEG approach. Here we offer a critical review of iEEG research practices in a didactic framework for newcomers, as well addressing issues encountered by proficient researchers. The scope is threefold: (i) review common practices in iEEG research, (ii) suggest potential guidelines for working with iEEG data and answer frequently asked questions based on the most widespread practices, and (iii) based on current neurophysiological knowledge and methodologies, pave the way to good practice standards in iEEG research. The organization of this paper follows the steps of iEEG data processing. The first section contextualizes iEEG data collection. The second section focuses on localization of intracranial electrodes. The third section highlights the main pre-processing steps. The fourth section presents iEEG signal analysis methods. The fifth section discusses statistical approaches. The sixth section draws some unique perspectives on iEEG research. Finally, to ensure a consistent nomenclature throughout the manuscript and to align with other guidelines, e.g., Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) and the OHBM Committee on Best Practices in Data Analysis and Sharing (COBIDAS), we provide a glossary to disambiguate terms related to iEEG research.

Authors:

• Manuel R. Mercier

• Anne-Sophie Dubarry

• François Tadel

• Pietro Avanzini

• Nikolai Axmacher

• Dillan Cellier

• Maria Del Vecchio

• Liberty S. Hamilton

• Dora Hermes

• Michael J. Kahana

• Robert T. Knight

• Anais Llorens

• Pierre Megevand

• Lucia Melloni

• Kai J. Miller

• Vitória Piai

• Aina Puce

• Nick F. Ramsey

• Caspar M. Schwiedrzik

• Sydney E. Smith

• Arjen Stolk

• Nicole C. Swann

• Mariska J Vansteensel

• Bradley Voytek

• Liang Wang

• Jean-Philippe Lachaux

• Robert Oostenveld

Date: 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119438

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Dissociation of broadband high-frequency activity and neuronal firing in the neocortex

Abstract:

Broadband high-frequency activity (BHA; 70 to 150 Hz), also known as “high gamma,” a key analytic signal in human intracranial (electrocorticographic) recordings, is often assumed to reflect local neural firing [multiunit activity (MUA)]. As the precise physiological substrates of BHA are unknown, this assumption remains controversial. Our analysis of laminar multielectrode data from V1 and A1 in monkeys outlines two components of stimulus-evoked BHA distributed across the cortical layers: an “early-deep” and “late-superficial” response. Early-deep BHA has a clear spatial and temporal overlap with MUA. Late-superficial BHA was more prominent and accounted for more of the BHA signal measured near the cortical pial surface. However, its association with local MUA is weak and often undetectable, consistent with the view that it reflects dendritic processes separable from local neuronal firing.

Authors:

• Marcin Leszczyński

• Annamaria Barczak

• Yoshinao Kajikawa

• Istvan Ulbert

• Arnaud Y Falchier

• Idan Tal

• Saskia Haegens

• Lucia Melloni

• Robert T Knight

• Charles E Schroeder

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb0977

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Opportunities and challenges for a maturing science of consciousness

Description:

Scientific research on consciousness is critical to multiple scientific, clinical, and ethical issues. The growth of the field could also be beneficial to several areas including neurology and mental health research. To achieve this goal, we need to set funding priorities carefully and address problems such as job creation and potential media misrepresentation.

Authors:

• Matthias Michel

• Diane Beck

• Ned Block

• Hal Blumenfeld

• Richard Brown

• David Carmel

• Marisa Carrasco

• Mazviita Chirimuuta

• Marvin Chun

• Axel Cleeremans

• Stanislas Dehaene

• Stephen M. Fleming

• Chris Frith

• Patrick Haggard

• Biyu J. He

• Cecilia Heyes

• Melvyn A. Goodale

• Liz Irvine

• Mitsuo Kawato

• Robert Kentridge

• Jean-Remi King

• Robert T. Knight

• Sid Kouider

• Victor Lamme

• Dominique Lamy

• Hakwan Lau

• Steven Laureys

• Joseph LeDoux

• Ying-Tung Lin

• Kayuet Liu

• Stephen L. Macknik

• Susana Martinez-Conde

• George A. Mashour

• Lucia Melloni

• Lisa Miracchi

• Myrto Mylopoulos

• Lionel Naccache

• Adrian M. Owen

• Richard E. Passingham

• Luiz Pessoa

• Megan A. K. Peters

• Dobromir Rahnev

• Tony Ro

• David Rosenthal

• Yuka Sasaki

• Claire Sergent

• Guillermo Solovey

• Nicholas D. Schiff

• Anil Seth

• Catherine Tallon-Baudry

• Marco Tamietto

• Frank Tong

• Simon van Gaal

• Alexandra Vlassova

• Takeo Watanabe

• Josh Weisberg

• Karen Yan

• Masatoshi Yoshida

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0531-8

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